diff --git a/src/ariadne/clew.rs b/src/ariadne/clew.rs
index 94bb6f7..3831715 100644
--- a/src/ariadne/clew.rs
+++ b/src/ariadne/clew.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::error;
 use std::fmt;
 
 use serde::Deserialize;
-use serde_json::{Map, Number};
+use serde_json::Number;
 
 const SCHEMA: &str = "clew-renpy-ast-v1";
 
@@ -55,41 +55,88 @@ pub struct Document {
     pub roots: Value,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
 pub enum Value {
     Null,
     Bool(bool),
     Number(Number),
     String(String),
-    List(Vec<Value>),
-    Tuple(Vec<Value>),
-    Dict(Vec<DictEntry>),
-    Object(Object),
-    Ref { id: u64 },
-    Function(Function),
-    Method(Method),
-    PythonType(PythonType),
-    Repr { class_name: String, repr: String },
-    Bytes { repr: String },
-    Truncated { class_name: String, repr: String },
-    Recursion { class_name: String },
-    AttributeError { class_name: String, repr: String },
+    Tagged(TaggedValue),
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[serde(tag = "type")]
+pub enum TaggedValue {
+    #[serde(rename = "list")]
+    List { items: Vec<Value> },
+
+    #[serde(rename = "tuple")]
+    Tuple { items: Vec<Value> },
+
+    #[serde(rename = "dict")]
+    Dict { items: Vec<DictEntry> },
+
+    #[serde(rename = "object")]
+    Object {
+        id: u64,
+
+        #[serde(rename = "class")]
+        class_name: String,
+
+        attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
+    },
+
+    #[serde(rename = "ref")]
+    Ref { id: u64 },
+
+    #[serde(rename = "function")]
+    Function(Function),
+
+    #[serde(rename = "method")]
+    Method(Method),
+
+    #[serde(rename = "python-type")]
+    PythonType(PythonType),
+
+    #[serde(rename = "repr")]
+    Repr {
+        #[serde(rename = "class")]
+        class_name: String,
+        repr: String,
+    },
+
+    #[serde(rename = "bytes")]
+    Bytes { repr: String },
+
+    #[serde(rename = "truncated")]
+    Truncated {
+        #[serde(rename = "class")]
+        class_name: String,
+        repr: String,
+    },
+
+    #[serde(rename = "recursion")]
+    Recursion {
+        #[serde(rename = "class")]
+        class_name: String,
+    },
+
+    #[serde(rename = "attribute-error")]
+    AttributeError {
+        #[serde(rename = "class")]
+        class_name: String,
+        repr: String,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 pub struct DictEntry {
     pub key: Value,
     pub value: Value,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Object {
-    pub id: u64,
-    pub class_name: String,
-    pub attributes: BTreeMap<String, Value>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Function {
     pub name: Option<String>,
     pub module: Option<String>,
@@ -97,7 +144,7 @@ pub struct Function {
     pub firstlineno: Option<Number>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Method {
     pub name: Option<String>,
     pub module: Option<String>,
@@ -106,7 +153,7 @@ pub struct Method {
     pub receiver_class: Option<String>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 pub struct PythonType {
     pub name: Option<String>,
     pub module: Option<String>,
@@ -122,160 +169,3 @@ pub fn from_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Document, Error> {
     }
     Ok(document)
 }
-
-impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Value {
-    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
-    where
-        D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
-    {
-        let value = serde_json::Value::deserialize(deserializer)?;
-        parse_value(value).map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)
-    }
-}
-
-fn parse_value(value: serde_json::Value) -> Result<Value, String> {
-    match value {
-        serde_json::Value::Null => Ok(Value::Null),
-        serde_json::Value::Bool(value) => Ok(Value::Bool(value)),
-        serde_json::Value::Number(value) => Ok(Value::Number(value)),
-        serde_json::Value::String(value) => Ok(Value::String(value)),
-        serde_json::Value::Array(_) => Err("Clew values do not use untagged arrays".to_string()),
-        serde_json::Value::Object(mut object) => parse_tagged_object(&mut object),
-    }
-}
-
-fn parse_tagged_object(object: &mut Map<String, serde_json::Value>) -> Result<Value, String> {
-    let tag = take_string(object, "type")?;
-    match tag.as_str() {
-        "list" => Ok(Value::List(take_items(object)?)),
-        "tuple" => Ok(Value::Tuple(take_items(object)?)),
-        "dict" => Ok(Value::Dict(take_dict_items(object)?)),
-        "object" => Ok(Value::Object(Object {
-            id: take_u64(object, "id")?,
-            class_name: take_string(object, "class")?,
-            attributes: take_attributes(object)?,
-        })),
-        "ref" => Ok(Value::Ref {
-            id: take_u64(object, "id")?,
-        }),
-        "function" => Ok(Value::Function(Function {
-            name: take_optional_string(object, "name")?,
-            module: take_optional_string(object, "module")?,
-            filename: take_optional_string(object, "filename")?,
-            firstlineno: take_optional_number(object, "firstlineno")?,
-        })),
-        "method" => Ok(Value::Method(Method {
-            name: take_optional_string(object, "name")?,
-            module: take_optional_string(object, "module")?,
-            filename: take_optional_string(object, "filename")?,
-            firstlineno: take_optional_number(object, "firstlineno")?,
-            receiver_class: take_optional_string(object, "receiver_class")?,
-        })),
-        "python-type" => Ok(Value::PythonType(PythonType {
-            name: take_optional_string(object, "name")?,
-            module: take_optional_string(object, "module")?,
-        })),
-        "repr" => Ok(Value::Repr {
-            class_name: take_string(object, "class")?,
-            repr: take_string(object, "repr")?,
-        }),
-        "bytes" => Ok(Value::Bytes {
-            repr: take_string(object, "repr")?,
-        }),
-        "truncated" => Ok(Value::Truncated {
-            class_name: take_string(object, "class")?,
-            repr: take_string(object, "repr")?,
-        }),
-        "recursion" => Ok(Value::Recursion {
-            class_name: take_string(object, "class")?,
-        }),
-        "attribute-error" => Ok(Value::AttributeError {
-            class_name: take_string(object, "class")?,
-            repr: take_string(object, "repr")?,
-        }),
-        _ => Err(format!("unknown Clew value type: {tag}")),
-    }
-}
-
-fn take_items(object: &mut Map<String, serde_json::Value>) -> Result<Vec<Value>, String> {
-    match object.remove("items") {
-        Some(serde_json::Value::Array(items)) => items.into_iter().map(parse_value).collect(),
-        Some(_) => Err("Clew items field must be an array".to_string()),
-        None => Err("missing Clew items field".to_string()),
-    }
-}
-
-fn take_dict_items(object: &mut Map<String, serde_json::Value>) -> Result<Vec<DictEntry>, String> {
-    match object.remove("items") {
-        Some(serde_json::Value::Array(items)) => items.into_iter().map(parse_dict_entry).collect(),
-        Some(_) => Err("Clew dict items field must be an array".to_string()),
-        None => Err("missing Clew dict items field".to_string()),
-    }
-}
-
-fn parse_dict_entry(value: serde_json::Value) -> Result<DictEntry, String> {
-    let serde_json::Value::Object(mut object) = value else {
-        return Err("Clew dict entry must be an object".to_string());
-    };
-    let key = object.remove("key").ok_or("missing Clew dict entry key")?;
-    let value = object
-        .remove("value")
-        .ok_or("missing Clew dict entry value")?;
-    Ok(DictEntry {
-        key: parse_value(key)?,
-        value: parse_value(value)?,
-    })
-}
-
-fn take_attributes(
-    object: &mut Map<String, serde_json::Value>,
-) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, Value>, String> {
-    match object.remove("attributes") {
-        Some(serde_json::Value::Object(attributes)) => attributes
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|(key, value)| parse_value(value).map(|value| (key, value)))
-            .collect(),
-        Some(_) => Err("Clew object attributes field must be an object".to_string()),
-        None => Err("missing Clew object attributes field".to_string()),
-    }
-}
-
-fn take_string(object: &mut Map<String, serde_json::Value>, field: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
-    match object.remove(field) {
-        Some(serde_json::Value::String(value)) => Ok(value),
-        Some(_) => Err(format!("Clew {field} field must be a string")),
-        None => Err(format!("missing Clew {field} field")),
-    }
-}
-
-fn take_optional_string(
-    object: &mut Map<String, serde_json::Value>,
-    field: &str,
-) -> Result<Option<String>, String> {
-    match object.remove(field) {
-        Some(serde_json::Value::String(value)) => Ok(Some(value)),
-        Some(serde_json::Value::Null) | None => Ok(None),
-        Some(_) => Err(format!("Clew {field} field must be a string or null")),
-    }
-}
-
-fn take_optional_number(
-    object: &mut Map<String, serde_json::Value>,
-    field: &str,
-) -> Result<Option<Number>, String> {
-    match object.remove(field) {
-        Some(serde_json::Value::Number(value)) => Ok(Some(value)),
-        Some(serde_json::Value::Null) | None => Ok(None),
-        Some(_) => Err(format!("Clew {field} field must be a number or null")),
-    }
-}
-
-fn take_u64(object: &mut Map<String, serde_json::Value>, field: &str) -> Result<u64, String> {
-    match object.remove(field) {
-        Some(serde_json::Value::Number(value)) => value
-            .as_u64()
-            .ok_or_else(|| format!("Clew {field} field must be a non-negative integer")),
-        Some(_) => Err(format!("Clew {field} field must be a number")),
-        None => Err(format!("missing Clew {field} field")),
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/ariadne/clew_test.rs b/src/ariadne/clew_test.rs
index 9462859..1d67377 100644
--- a/src/ariadne/clew_test.rs
+++ b/src/ariadne/clew_test.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use ariadne::clew::{self, DictEntry, Error, Value};
+use ariadne::clew::{self, DictEntry, Error, TaggedValue, Value};
 use serde_json::Number;
 
 fn document_with(roots: &str) -> String {
@@ -56,13 +56,15 @@ fn parses_primitive_values() {
 
     assert_eq!(
         document.roots,
-        Value::List(vec![
-            Value::Null,
-            Value::Bool(true),
-            Value::Number(Number::from(7)),
-            Value::Number(Number::from_f64(1.5).unwrap()),
-            Value::String("text".to_string()),
-        ])
+        Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::List {
+            items: vec![
+                Value::Null,
+                Value::Bool(true),
+                Value::Number(Number::from(7)),
+                Value::Number(Number::from_f64(1.5).unwrap()),
+                Value::String("text".to_string()),
+            ]
+        })
     );
 }
 
@@ -76,13 +78,17 @@ fn parses_tuple_and_dict_values() {
 
     assert_eq!(
         document.roots,
-        Value::Dict(vec![DictEntry {
-            key: Value::String("names".to_string()),
-            value: Value::Tuple(vec![
-                Value::String("a".to_string()),
-                Value::String("b".to_string())
-            ]),
-        }])
+        Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::Dict {
+            items: vec![DictEntry {
+                key: Value::String("names".to_string()),
+                value: Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::Tuple {
+                    items: vec![
+                        Value::String("a".to_string()),
+                        Value::String("b".to_string())
+                    ]
+                }),
+            }]
+        })
     );
 }
 
@@ -96,20 +102,22 @@ fn parses_object_and_reference_values() {
     )
     .unwrap();
 
-    let Value::List(items) = document.roots else {
+    let Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::List { items }) = document.roots else {
         panic!("roots should be a list");
     };
     assert_eq!(items.len(), 2);
-    assert_eq!(items[1], Value::Ref { id: 1 });
-    let Value::Object(object) = &items[0] else {
+    assert_eq!(items[1], Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::Ref { id: 1 }));
+    let Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::Object {
+        id,
+        class_name,
+        attributes,
+    }) = &items[0]
+    else {
         panic!("first item should be an object");
     };
-    assert_eq!(object.id, 1);
-    assert_eq!(object.class_name, "renpy.ast.Label");
-    assert_eq!(
-        object.attributes["name"],
-        Value::String("start".to_string())
-    );
+    assert_eq!(*id, 1);
+    assert_eq!(class_name, "renpy.ast.Label");
+    assert_eq!(attributes["name"], Value::String("start".to_string()));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -122,18 +130,39 @@ fn parses_special_tag_values() {
     )
     .unwrap();
 
-    let Value::List(items) = document.roots else {
+    let Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::List { items }) = document.roots else {
         panic!("roots should be a list");
     };
     assert_eq!(items.len(), 8);
-    assert!(matches!(items[0], Value::Function(_)));
-    assert!(matches!(items[1], Value::Method(_)));
-    assert!(matches!(items[2], Value::PythonType(_)));
-    assert!(matches!(items[3], Value::Repr { .. }));
-    assert!(matches!(items[4], Value::Bytes { .. }));
-    assert!(matches!(items[5], Value::Truncated { .. }));
-    assert!(matches!(items[6], Value::Recursion { .. }));
-    assert!(matches!(items[7], Value::AttributeError { .. }));
+    assert!(matches!(
+        items[0],
+        Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::Function(_))
+    ));
+    assert!(matches!(items[1], Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::Method(_))));
+    assert!(matches!(
+        items[2],
+        Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::PythonType(_))
+    ));
+    assert!(matches!(
+        items[3],
+        Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::Repr { .. })
+    ));
+    assert!(matches!(
+        items[4],
+        Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::Bytes { .. })
+    ));
+    assert!(matches!(
+        items[5],
+        Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::Truncated { .. })
+    ));
+    assert!(matches!(
+        items[6],
+        Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::Recursion { .. })
+    ));
+    assert!(matches!(
+        items[7],
+        Value::Tagged(TaggedValue::AttributeError { .. })
+    ));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -141,11 +170,7 @@ fn rejects_unknown_tags() {
     let error = clew::from_bytes(document_with(r#"{"type":"future"}"#).as_bytes()).unwrap_err();
 
     match error {
-        Error::Json(error) => assert!(
-            error
-                .to_string()
-                .contains("unknown Clew value type: future")
-        ),
+        Error::Json(error) => assert!(error.to_string().contains("data did not match any variant")),
         Error::SchemaMismatch { .. } => panic!("unknown tags should be JSON shape errors"),
     }
 }