import { type ChildProcess, spawn } from "node:child_process";
import process from "node:process";
import crossSpawn from "cross-spawn";
import { type JsonRpcMessage, McpConnectionClosedError, parseJsonRpcMessage } from "../protocol/jsonrpc.ts";
import { DEFAULT_MAX_MESSAGE_BYTES, type McpTransport, TransportEvents } from "./transport.ts";

const DEFAULT_MAX_STDERR_BYTES = 64 * 1024;
const DEFAULT_CLOSE_TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000;
/** How long a server gets to exit on its own after stdin closes, before it is sent SIGTERM. */
const STDIN_CLOSE_GRACE_MS = 500;
const USE_PROCESS_GROUPS = process.platform !== "win32";

/** Process groups of running servers, killed if the host exits without closing them. */
const liveProcessGroups = new Set<number>();
let exitHookInstalled = false;

function killProcessTree(child: ChildProcess, signal: NodeJS.Signals): void {
	const pid = child.pid;
	if (process.platform === "win32" && pid !== undefined) {
		if (child.exitCode !== null) return;
		// Windows has no graceful signals, and cross-spawn runs `.cmd` shims through cmd.exe; killing only
		// that would leave the server running.
		spawn("taskkill", ["/pid", String(pid), "/T", "/F"], { stdio: "ignore", windowsHide: true }).on(
			"error",
			() => {},
		);
		return;
	}
	if (USE_PROCESS_GROUPS && pid !== undefined) {
		try {
			// Negative pid: the whole group, so wrappers like `npx` or `uvx` do not leave the server behind.
			process.kill(-pid, signal);
			return;
		} catch {
			// The group is gone or was never created; fall back to the direct child.
		}
	}
	try {
		child.kill(signal);
	} catch {}
}

function installExitHook(): void {
	if (exitHookInstalled) return;
	exitHookInstalled = true;
	process.once("exit", () => {
		for (const pid of liveProcessGroups) {
			try {
				process.kill(-pid, "SIGTERM");
			} catch {}
		}
	});
}

export interface StdioTransportOptions {
	command: string;
	args?: readonly string[];
	cwd?: string;
	env?: Record<string, string>;
	inheritEnv?: boolean;
	stderr?: "pipe" | "inherit";
	onStderr?: (chunk: string) => void;
	maxMessageBytes?: number;
	maxStderrBytes?: number;
	/** Time to wait for the server to exit after SIGTERM before sending SIGKILL. Default: 2000. */
	closeTimeoutMs?: number;
}

export class StdioTransport extends TransportEvents implements McpTransport {
	readonly options: Readonly<StdioTransportOptions>;
	private child: ChildProcess | undefined;
	private stdoutBuffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
	private stderrBuffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
	private started = false;
	private closed = false;

	constructor(options: StdioTransportOptions) {
		super();
		this.options = Object.freeze({ ...options, args: options.args ? [...options.args] : undefined });
	}

	get pid(): number | undefined {
		return this.child?.pid;
	}

	get stderr(): string {
		return this.stderrBuffer.toString("utf8");
	}

	async start(): Promise<void> {
		if (this.started) throw new Error("MCP stdio transport already started");
		if (this.closed) throw new McpConnectionClosedError();
		this.started = true;
		const env = this.options.inheritEnv === false ? { ...this.options.env } : { ...process.env, ...this.options.env };
		const child = crossSpawn(this.options.command, this.options.args ?? [], {
			cwd: this.options.cwd,
			env,
			stdio: ["pipe", "pipe", this.options.stderr === "inherit" ? "inherit" : "pipe"],
			windowsHide: true,
			// Own process group, so closing the transport can terminate the server's children too.
			detached: USE_PROCESS_GROUPS,
		});
		this.child = child;
		const pid = child.pid;
		if (USE_PROCESS_GROUPS && pid !== undefined) {
			installExitHook();
			liveProcessGroups.add(pid);
			child.once("exit", () => liveProcessGroups.delete(pid));
		}
		child.stdout?.on("data", (chunk: Buffer | string) => this.handleStdout(chunk));
		child.stdout?.on("error", (error) => this.emitError(error));
		child.stdin?.on("error", (error) => {
			if (!this.closed) this.emitError(error);
		});
		child.stderr?.on("data", (chunk: Buffer | string) => this.handleStderr(chunk));
		child.stderr?.on("error", (error) => this.emitError(error));
		child.on("close", () => {
			this.child = undefined;
			if (this.stdoutBuffer.toString("utf8").trim()) {
				this.emitError(new Error("MCP stdio server closed with an incomplete JSON-RPC message"));
			}
			this.stdoutBuffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
			this.emitClose();
		});

		await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
			const onSpawn = () => {
				child.off("error", onError);
				resolve();
			};
			const onError = (error: Error) => {
				child.off("spawn", onSpawn);
				reject(error);
			};
			child.once("spawn", onSpawn);
			child.once("error", onError);
		});
		child.on("error", (error) => {
			if (!this.closed) this.emitError(error);
		});
	}

	async send(message: JsonRpcMessage): Promise<void> {
		const stdin = this.child?.stdin;
		if (!this.started || this.closed || !stdin?.writable) throw new McpConnectionClosedError();
		const payload = `${JSON.stringify(message)}\n`;
		await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
			stdin.write(payload, (error) => (error ? reject(error) : resolve()));
		});
	}

	async close(): Promise<void> {
		if (this.closed) return;
		this.closed = true;
		const child = this.child;
		if (!child) {
			this.emitClose();
			return;
		}
		if (child.exitCode !== null || child.signalCode !== null) {
			child.stdin?.end();
			return;
		}
		// Shutdown per the spec: close stdin and let the server exit, then SIGTERM, then SIGKILL.
		const closeTimeoutMs = this.options.closeTimeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_CLOSE_TIMEOUT_MS;
		await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
			const timers: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>[] = [];
			child.once("close", () => {
				for (const timer of timers) clearTimeout(timer);
				// Children of the server that ignored stdin closing would otherwise outlive it.
				killProcessTree(child, "SIGTERM");
				resolve();
			});
			const grace = Math.min(STDIN_CLOSE_GRACE_MS, closeTimeoutMs);
			timers.push(setTimeout(() => killProcessTree(child, "SIGTERM"), grace));
			timers.push(setTimeout(() => killProcessTree(child, "SIGKILL"), grace + closeTimeoutMs));
			child.stdin?.end();
		});
	}

	private handleStdout(chunk: Buffer | string): void {
		this.stdoutBuffer = Buffer.concat([this.stdoutBuffer, Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk)]);
		const maxMessageBytes = this.options.maxMessageBytes ?? DEFAULT_MAX_MESSAGE_BYTES;
		while (true) {
			const newline = this.stdoutBuffer.indexOf(0x0a);
			if (newline < 0) {
				if (this.stdoutBuffer.length > maxMessageBytes) {
					this.stdoutBuffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
					this.emitError(new Error(`MCP stdio message exceeds ${maxMessageBytes} bytes`));
				}
				return;
			}
			const line = this.stdoutBuffer.subarray(0, newline);
			this.stdoutBuffer = this.stdoutBuffer.subarray(newline + 1);
			if (line.length > maxMessageBytes) {
				this.emitError(new Error(`MCP stdio message exceeds ${maxMessageBytes} bytes`));
				continue;
			}
			const text = line.toString("utf8").replace(/\r$/, "");
			if (!text.trim()) continue;
			try {
				this.emitMessage(parseJsonRpcMessage(JSON.parse(text)));
			} catch (error) {
				this.emitError(error);
			}
		}
	}

	private handleStderr(chunk: Buffer | string): void {
		const buffer = Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk);
		const maxStderrBytes = this.options.maxStderrBytes ?? DEFAULT_MAX_STDERR_BYTES;
		this.stderrBuffer = Buffer.concat([this.stderrBuffer, buffer]);
		if (this.stderrBuffer.length > maxStderrBytes) this.stderrBuffer = this.stderrBuffer.subarray(-maxStderrBytes);
		this.options.onStderr?.(buffer.toString("utf8"));
	}
}