feat(network): add host VLAN-bridge networking foundation

Introduce `modules.network`, the host-level networking foundation a Host
declares once. A Host states its trunk interface and the tagged VLAN ids to
materialize, and the module emits one systemd-networkd bridge per VLAN, named
by the `br-vlan<id>` convention, plus the host's own management address on a
chosen VLAN's bridge.

The trunk and every bridge set `RequiredForOnline = "no"` so wait-online never
blocks boot on a carrier-less link, and the module owns its own NetworkManager
`unmanaged` guard so enabling it is self-sufficient. Two assertions tie the
management VLAN to the declared VLANs and a management address to a VLAN, so an
address can never be silently dropped.

Enabled on neogaia as a tracer with placeholder values, proving the host build
and bridge-name evaluation through `nix flake check`. No Guest is wired to a
bridge yet.

.claude/tasks/0003-network-vlan-foundation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+spec: guests
+---
+
+## What to build
+
+The host-level networking foundation, `modules.network`, that a Host declares once and every Guest attaches to.
+A Host states its trunk interface and the set of VLANs to materialize, and the Module emits one bridge per tagged VLAN using systemd-networkd, named by the `br-vlan<id>` convention, and manages the Host's own management address.
+This is a standalone host-level Module and does not yet wire any Guest to a bridge — that is the Guest networking placement slice.
+
+## Acceptance criteria
+
+- [x] `modules.network` declares an `enable` option and its option path mirrors its file location per the Namespace convention.
+- [x] A Host declares its trunk interface and its set of VLAN ids through the Module's options.
+- [x] Enabling the Module emits exactly one systemd-networkd bridge per declared VLAN, each named `br-vlan<id>`, and manages the Host's own management address.
+- [x] A Host enabling `modules.network` builds via `nix flake check`, and the emitted bridge names are verifiable by `nix eval`.
+
+## Implementation Notes
+
+Each VLAN materializes as three networkd entries: a `<trunk>.<id>` tagged sub-interface stacked on the trunk, a `br-vlan<id>` bridge, and a network enslaving the sub-interface to the bridge.
+The trunk and every bridge set `RequiredForOnline = "no"`, so `systemd-networkd-wait-online` never blocks boot on a link with no carrier.
+
+The management address takes a static CIDR, or DHCP when left null, on the management VLAN's bridge alone.
+Two assertions guard it: the management VLAN must be one of the declared VLANs, and a declared management address must name a management VLAN, so an address can never be silently dropped for want of a bridge to carry it.
+
+The Module owns its own NetworkManager `unmanaged` guard for the trunk, sub-interfaces, and bridges, so enabling it is self-sufficient on a host that also runs NetworkManager rather than pushing that wiring into every Host.
+A `management.gateway` option was considered and dropped as speculative for this slice, since the foundation carries no other routing.
+
+Enabled on `neogaia` as a tracer with a placeholder trunk and VLAN ids, mirroring the walking-skeleton guest, so the host build and bridge-name evaluation are proven through this host's `nix flake check`.
+No Guest is wired to a bridge — that is the guest networking placement slice.

hosts/neogaia/default.nix

@@ -44,6 +44,19 @@
 
   modules.toolkit.enable = true;
 
+  # The networking foundation, enabled like any module: proves the host build
+  # and bridge-name evaluation path through this host's `nix flake check`.
+  # The trunk, VLAN ids, and management address are placeholders a real homelab
+  # host replaces, and the placeholder trunk names no interface this laptop has.
+  modules.network.enable = true;
+  modules.network.trunk = "enp1s0";
+  modules.network.vlans = [
+    10
+    20
+  ];
+  modules.network.management.vlan = 10;
+  modules.network.management.address = "10.0.10.2/24";
+
   # The walking-skeleton guest, enabled like any module: proves the guest path
   # end to end through this host's `nix flake check`.
   guests.sample.enable = true;

modules/network.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+{
+  config,
+  lib,
+  ...
+}:
+# The host networking foundation: per-VLAN bridges over a tagged trunk.
+let
+  cfg = config.modules.network;
+
+  # Each tagged VLAN materializes as a bridge named for its id.
+  bridgeName = id: "br-vlan${toString id}";
+
+  # The tagged sub-interface stacked on the trunk that feeds one bridge.
+  vlanName = id: "${cfg.trunk}.${toString id}";
+in
+{
+  options.modules.network = {
+    enable =
+      lib.mkEnableOption "the host trunk, its tagged-VLAN bridges, and the host management address";
+
+    trunk = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.str;
+      example = "enp1s0";
+      description = ''
+        The physical interface carrying 802.1Q-tagged traffic for every VLAN.
+        Each declared VLAN is stacked on it and enslaved to its own bridge.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    vlans = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.listOf (lib.types.ints.between 1 4094);
+      default = [ ];
+      example = [
+        10
+        20
+        30
+      ];
+      description = ''
+        The tagged VLAN ids to materialize. Each id N emits exactly one bridge
+        named `br-vlanN`, and guests on VLAN N attach to it.
+      '';
+    };
+
+    management = {
+      vlan = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.nullOr (lib.types.ints.between 1 4094);
+        default = null;
+        description = ''
+          The VLAN whose bridge carries the host's own management address; must
+          be one of `vlans`. Left null, the host takes no address on any bridge
+          and the bridges serve guests alone.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      address = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.nullOr lib.types.str;
+        default = null;
+        example = "10.0.10.2/24";
+        description = ''
+          The host's static management address, in CIDR form, on the management
+          VLAN's bridge. Left null, the host takes its address there by DHCP.
+        '';
+      };
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    assertions = [
+      {
+        assertion = cfg.management.vlan == null || lib.elem cfg.management.vlan cfg.vlans;
+        message = "modules.network.management.vlan (${toString cfg.management.vlan}) must name one of modules.network.vlans.";
+      }
+      {
+        assertion = cfg.management.address == null || cfg.management.vlan != null;
+        message = "modules.network.management.address needs modules.network.management.vlan to say which bridge carries it.";
+      }
+    ];
+
+    # networkd owns the trunk, its VLAN sub-interfaces, and the bridges, so a host
+    # also running NetworkManager leaves them to networkd rather than contending.
+    networking.networkmanager.unmanaged =
+      [ "interface-name:${cfg.trunk}" ]
+      ++ map (id: "interface-name:${bridgeName id}") cfg.vlans
+      ++ map (id: "interface-name:${vlanName id}") cfg.vlans;
+
+    systemd.network = {
+      enable = true;
+
+      netdevs = lib.mkMerge (
+        map (id: {
+          "40-${bridgeName id}" = {
+            netdevConfig = {
+              Name = bridgeName id;
+              Kind = "bridge";
+            };
+          };
+          "40-${vlanName id}" = {
+            netdevConfig = {
+              Name = vlanName id;
+              Kind = "vlan";
+            };
+            vlanConfig.Id = id;
+          };
+        }) cfg.vlans
+      );
+
+      networks = lib.mkMerge (
+        [
+          # The trunk carries only tagged frames up to the sub-interfaces and
+          # takes no address of its own.
+          {
+            "30-${cfg.trunk}" = {
+              matchConfig.Name = cfg.trunk;
+              networkConfig.LinkLocalAddressing = "no";
+              linkConfig.RequiredForOnline = "no";
+              vlan = map vlanName cfg.vlans;
+            };
+          }
+        ]
+        ++ map (id: {
+          # Enslaved to its bridge, carrying no address itself.
+          "40-${vlanName id}" = {
+            matchConfig.Name = vlanName id;
+            networkConfig.Bridge = bridgeName id;
+            linkConfig.RequiredForOnline = "no";
+          };
+          # The management VLAN's bridge carries the host address; every other
+          # bridge is a plain L2 segment for guests.
+          "40-${bridgeName id}" = lib.mkMerge [
+            {
+              matchConfig.Name = bridgeName id;
+              linkConfig.RequiredForOnline = "no";
+            }
+            (lib.mkIf (cfg.management.vlan == id) (
+              if cfg.management.address == null then
+                { networkConfig.DHCP = "yes"; }
+              else
+                { address = [ cfg.management.address ]; }
+            ))
+          ];
+        }) cfg.vlans
+      );
+    };
+  };
+}